磷蝦油、蚯蚓酵素好神奇,血管保健營養品可以取代藥物嗎?

2022/05/10講糖編輯部
「隔壁小陳說他最近在吃一款蝦子做的顧血管保健品,我有糖尿病又腳中風,常常會腳痛、腳麻,但是我很怕吃藥會傷身體,還是我也吃保健品就好?」(延伸閱讀:腳中風可以靠活血化瘀的中藥材來清血管嗎?)
您是否也常常在電視或是街坊鄰居口中聽聞有些保健食品,例如南極磷蝦油、蚯蚓酵素等,號稱可以預防血管阻塞,避免心血管疾病發生,但吃這些真的有效果嗎?(延伸閱讀:糖友該如何顧好血管的健康?)

磷蝦油是什麼?

磷蝦是生活在寒冷氣候中的紅色蝦狀甲殼類動物,磷蝦油提煉自磷蝦,研究發現,磷蝦油富含以下成分:
  • n-3多元不飽和脂肪酸的磷脂
  • 多種抗氧化劑,如類胡蘿蔔素、蝦青素、維生素A和E
氧化壓力會造成血管內皮損傷,類胡蘿蔔素、蝦青素等抗氧化物質可以提供保護;n-3不飽和脂肪酸則可以幫助降低血管發炎,減少心血管疾病發生。

糖尿病人可以吃磷蝦油來清血管嗎?

有人體研究發現,一天服用1-4克磷蝦油補充劑,持續服用24週後,研究對象血液中的高密度膽固醇增加,低密度膽固醇與三酸甘油脂則減少。
雖然上述研究顯示磷蝦油補充劑可以幫助改善血脂異常,但是幾乎沒有糖尿病人服用磷蝦油來保護心血管的相關研究證實,目前也無實驗顯示,糖尿病人食用磷蝦油會影響血糖控制。
再加上市面上磷蝦油補充品的劑量不一,不建議貿然購買使用,如果想要服用來改善血脂狀況,建議應該諮詢專家。

什麼是蚯蚓酵素?

蚯蚓酵素就是人們常說的蚓激酶,蚓激酶是一種纖維蛋白特異性蛋白酶,可以幫助降低血液黏度、減少血小板積聚、也可以送到血管中溶解血栓。
不過目前人體相關實驗較稀少,雖然現階段結果顯示蚓激酶可以幫助改善血管血栓,但對於攝取劑量卻沒有明確研究結果證實,因此在食用上還是要有所注意,以免花了大錢反而傷身。
另外,蚯蚓酵素有抑制血小板的功能,因此以下三類族群應避免使用:
  1. 服用抗凝血藥物者
  2. 孕婦
  3. 小孩
磷蝦油、蚯蚓酵素可以取代藥物治療血管阻塞嗎?

想吃保健食品顧血管,這2點需注意

市面上關於心血管的保健食品眾多,例如Omega-3、磷蝦油、納豆、紅麴、蝦紅素、大蒜萃取物等,在食用上必須注意什麼呢?
  • 服用保健食品必須注意劑量、安全性及效用,使用前請先詳讀食品盒上所揭示的相關資訊
  • 研究顯示,紅麴及納豆的成分結構與史達汀類(Statins)降血脂藥類似,因此應避免與Statin藥物併用,以免產生交互作用
保健食品只是食品,並不能完全取代藥物來治療血管阻塞症狀,為了避免病情惡化增加截肢風險,如果想要透過保健品來得到更好的幫助,食用前應該諮詢專業人員,千萬不要自行停藥。
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糖尿病人小心這幾大症狀是周邊動脈疾病!
2022/03/11講糖編輯部
「48歲的糖友蔡先生,去年因為心肌梗塞心臟放了兩支支架,今年回診時,他告訴醫生最近老是覺得腳麻、腳痛!這是為什麼呢?」
醫師懷疑蔡先生可能有周邊動脈疾病的問題,也就是俗稱的腳中風,如果沒有好好處理,最嚴重可能會截肢!這讓他很驚訝,自己還這麼年輕怎麼會全身的血管都塞住了呢?這不是上了年紀才要擔心的嗎?(延伸閱讀:腦中風、心肌梗塞,原來是動脈硬化造成的!來看看您有沒有出現這些警訊)

誰比較容易罹患周邊動脈疾病呢?

隨著年齡增長,每個人的動脈血管內壁都有可能會因脂肪沈積而失去彈性,甚至有內膜增生的情形,造成動脈管徑慢慢變得狹窄,如果加上慢性病(如糖尿病、高血壓等)纏身,更增加了動脈血管阻塞的風險
再加上下肢血管離心臟較遠,因此路徑也較長,對於年長者、糖尿病罹病時間越久或血糖控制不佳的糖友來說,出現周邊動脈疾病的可能性相對也會增加。
但這並不代表周邊動脈疾病不會發生在年輕糖尿病病人身上!研究發現,40歲以上的糖尿病病人若合併有糖尿病史超過10年、三高(糖尿病、高血壓高血脂)控制不穩定及抽菸等危險因子,得到周邊動脈疾病的機率約為20%;50歲以上則增加到29%,所以年輕糖尿病病人也不要掉以輕心。(延伸閱讀:心臟衰竭與糖友的距離) 

為什麼周邊動脈血管疾病、心肌梗塞常常同時找上糖尿病病人?

周邊動脈血管疾病與心肌梗塞同樣都是糖尿病併發症中的「大血管病變」,當糖尿病病人出現周邊動脈血管疾病時,當心發生心肌梗塞、腦中風的機會也會跟著增加!(延伸閱讀:認識糖尿病-併發症常見問題)
尤其糖尿病疾病本身就是動脈粥樣硬化疾病及心血管疾病的主要危險因素,研究指出當周邊血管出現阻塞,5年內會有20%的機率引發心血管疾病(包括心肌梗塞和猝死)。
所以當糖尿病病人已有周邊動脈疾病問題,就要更注意其他大血管病變的警訊,當身體出現胸痛、手臂、下巴、或上腹部疼痛或不適,同時可能伴隨呼吸困難、大量出汗、噁心和暈厥等,就要注意是否遇到「急性心肌梗塞」。(延伸閱讀:糖友 當心喘腫累是心臟衰竭喔)
若出現某側肢體突然無力癱瘓,也是要小心是否遇到腦中風,無論是心肌梗塞或腦中風都是會危及到生命,皆須儘速就醫喔! 

提醒您,面對周邊動脈疾病與其他大血管合併症時,記得心存謹慎而不恐懼,大血管的併發症是可以預防的,平時請控制好血糖、血壓血脂肪,養成規律運動與健康飲食型態,就可遠離心血管疾病的威脅了!(延伸閱讀:油脂過高,飲食該如何吃出好血脂?)
參考文獻:
  1. Thiruvoipati T. et al., (2015) Peripheral artery disease in patients with diabetes: Epidemiology, mechanisms, and outcomes. World J Diabetes, 6(7), 961-969. https://doi.org/10.4239/wjd.v6.i7.961
  2. 中華民國糖尿病衛教學會(2020)。2020糖尿病衛教學會核心教材。臺北市:中華民國糖尿病衛教學會。
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  6. 吳柏勲、詹世鴻、邱艷芬、陳幸眉(2021)。急性心肌梗塞病人前驅症狀之相關因素。護理雜誌,68(2),32-42。https://doi.org/ 10.6224/JN.202104_68(2).06
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